Portret Stefana Colonny Bronzina – kondotier jak malowany

Portret Stefana Colonny, fragment, Bronzino, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini

Portret Stefana Colonny, fragment, Bronzino, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini

Oto stoi przed nami bohater swoich czasów. Dumny przedstawiciel wpływowego rzymskiego rodu Colonna, ale przede wszystkim ceniony kondotier, który przez całe swoje życie walczył na różnych frontach i pod sztandarami różnych władców. Jego umiejętności były cenione przez cesarza, króla Francji, papieża, dożę weneckiego i księcia Florencji, a więc tych, dla których wojna wrośnięta była w tkankę życia w sposób oczywisty.

Portret Stefana Colonny, fragment, Bronzino, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini
Stefano di Colonna, portret, Bronzino, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini
Portret Stefana Colonny, fragment, Bronzino (Agnolo di Cosimo), Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini
Portret Stefana Colonny, fragment, Bronzino, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini

Oto stoi przed nami bohater swoich czasów. Dumny przedstawiciel wpływowego rzymskiego rodu Colonna, ale przede wszystkim ceniony kondotier, który przez całe swoje życie walczył na różnych frontach i pod sztandarami różnych władców. Jego umiejętności były cenione przez cesarza, króla Francji, papieża, dożę weneckiego i księcia Florencji, a więc tych, dla których wojna wrośnięta była w tkankę życia w sposób oczywisty.

Jesteśmy w Europie doby cinquecenta targanej nieustającymi konfliktami o wpływy, ziemię, prestiż i religię. By prowadzić wojnę, należy mieć doświadczonych i zaprawionych w bojach dowódców. Byli nimi zawodowi najemnicy, tzw. kondotierzy, i to od ich umiejętności zależały losy władców Europy. Nikogo też nie dziwiły zmiany ich partnerów i frontów. Wygrywał ten, kto płacił więcej, a lojalność była walutą rzadką i poddaną rozlicznym fluktuacjom. Co najwyżej można było mówić o sympatiach, ale i one traktowane były niezbyt rygorystycznie.

Stefano Colonna IV z Palestriny był typowym kondotierem czasów odrodzenia. Jego usługi militarne wysoko ceniono, a zatrudniający go władcy nie mieli powodów do narzekań. Na początku służył pod sztandarami cesarza Karola V Habsburga, aby w 1527 roku, w trakcie sacco di Roma, stanąć po stronie jego ówczesnego wroga – papieża Klemensa VII; to wtedy zyskał sławę zdolnego dowódcy. Po zawarciu rozejmu między cesarzem a papieżem Stefano udał się do Francji, aby w armii króla Franciszka I walczyć z kolei przeciw cesarzowi. Swoje usługi świadczył też kolejnemu papieżowi, Pawłowi III. W 1541 roku powołany został przez księcia Florencji, Cosimę I, do przeorganizowania jego armii. W mieście nad Arno kondotier pozyskał stałe apanaże i tytuł generała, a oprócz tego czas na rozwijanie zainteresowań nie tylko militarnych. Zaprzyjaźnił się z członkami Akademii Florenckiej, ponoć czerpał przyjemność z lektury ksiąg, mało tego – sam składał poetyckie wersy. Nie znamy dokładnej daty jego urodzin (pomiędzy 1490 a 1500), ale mógł mieć około 50 lat, gdy poznał cenionego przez florencką klientelę Bronzina. I to jemu powierzył namalowanie swego portretu. Nie było zapewne lepszego dowodu prestiżu niż wizerunek stworzony ręką nadwornego malarza księcia Florencji. Portrety autorstwa tego artysty emanowały dystynkcją, posągowym majestatem i musiały się podobać kondotierowi. Tym bardziej że zamawiane były nie tylko przez samego księcia i jego rodzinę, ale też innych wodzów (Guidobaldo della Rovere, 1530 r.). Ceniono w nich harmonię i czystość barw, nienaganny modelunek i realizm w oddawaniu podobizny portretowanego. Jak twierdził Giorgio Vasari, wielki apologeta talentu Bronzina, umiał on malować portrety tak naturalne, że ich bohaterowie wydawali się naprawdę żywi, tak „żywi, że nie brakowało im nawet duszy”. Należy jednak ostrożnie podchodzić do tych pochwał. Najdoskonalsze portrety Bronzina – te ukazujące florenckich ówczesnych literatów i intelektualistów – rzeczywiście emanowały pewną duchowością w odróżnieniu od tworzonych przez niego wizerunków wojaków, którzy przemawiają do nas głównie swą patetycznością, choć, co trzeba przyznać, wyrażaną z wielkim znawstwem warsztatu.


Inną cechą malarstwa portretowego Bronzina była perfekcja w odtwarzaniu szlachetnych materiałów, klejnotów i połyskujących zbroi. Również w tym portrecie ważną, żeby nie powiedzieć najważniejszą, rolę odgrywa zbroja, miecz i hełm, nieodzowne atrybuty wojownika, jednoznacznie świadczące o jego profesji. Za nimi ukrywa się postać naszego bohatera. Rozpoznajemy go po bujnej brodzie, długim nosie i wyrazistych, dużych oczach. Malarz nie zdradza nam jednak jego stanu ducha, charakteru czy emocji. W zamian popisuje się precyzyjnie oddanymi, miniaturowymi, intarsjowanymi złotem elementami jego hełmu, miecza i zbroi. W obrazie nie mogło też zabraknąć przewieszonej kotary w tle i kolumny, która w tym wypadku jest oczywiście znaczącym atrybutem portretowanego – nawiązaniem do herbu rodu Colonna, z którego wywodził się generał. U jej podstawy wyryte jest też jego imię. Nawet złocona rama przypomina o profesji Colonny i jego cnotach militarnych, jeśli cnotą nazwać można zawodowe paranie się zabijaniem.

Generał umarł w 1548 roku, czyli dwa lata po powstaniu portretu. Obraz został wystawiony u wezgłowia jego trumny podczas uroczystości pogrzebowych we florenckim kościele San Lorenzo.


Portret Stefana Colonny, Bronzino (Agnolo di Cosimo), 1546, olej na desce, 125 x 95 cm, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini

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      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '407' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null2.14msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 407
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')2.83msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '407' and `lang` = 'pl'3.22msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 407
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '407' and `lang` = 'pl'1.95msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 407
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '407' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 407
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '407'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 407
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '407' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 407
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '407'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 407
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '26' limit 1410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '407'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 407
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5955' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5955
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5956' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5956
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5957' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5957
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '5958' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 5958
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '407'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 407
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '120' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 120
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '120' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 120
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '120' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 120
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '120' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 120
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '120'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 120
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '120' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 120
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '120'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 120
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '168' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 168
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')460μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '168' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 168
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '168' and `lang` = 'pl'680μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 168
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '168' and `lang` = 'pl'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 168
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '168'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 168
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '168' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 168
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '168'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 168
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')750μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '4' and `lang` = 'pl'740μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 4
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '218' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 218
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '218' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 218
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '218' and `lang` = 'pl'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 218
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '218' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 218
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '218'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 218
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '218' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 218
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '218'470μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 218
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')700μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 12
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '309' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 309
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '309' and `lang` = 'pl'310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 309
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '309' and `lang` = 'pl'740μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 309
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '309' and `lang` = 'pl'590μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 309
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '309'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 309
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '309' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 309
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '309'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 309
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '401' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 401
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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